Rehearsal Process and Research (Week two)

Thursday 5th March

In this session, we looked at Bertolt Brecht as the style of the play is influenced by him.

Bertolt Brecht was a German playwright and theatre director of the 20th century who focused his work around politics and deep, meaningful events that took place in history. Bertolt Brecht was born in 1898 and passed away in 1956. During this time, two wars took place. Brecht was heavily influenced by these wars and the events that happened at this time and wrote a play called 'The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui'. This play is about Hitler (Arturo Ui) trying to take over specific countries. However, in this play, Brecht wrote that Arturo Ui wanted to take over a vegetable business and was willing to kill people to do so. This play is an excellent example of Brecht being influenced by politics and historical events.



Brecht's style was called 'epic theatre'. This means that all his work was on an epic scale with very 'hard hitting' subjects. Brecht also 'broke down the fourth wall' in his work. This means he broke the contrast between audience and the stage, interacting with them and referring to them in his work. He also made political and educational plays entertaining with music and comedy. Brecht also used a term called Verfremdungseffekt. This means breaking the illusion that the piece of theatre the audience is watching is real. For example, showing costume changes on stage.

Brecht was influenced by Shakespeare and Elizabethan theatre which is why a lot of his work includes conflict and 'hard hitting' subjects.

In this session we also looked at Gestus. This is the way your physicality, costume, facial expression, attitude and use of space combine to show the audience the kind of character you are. This way is very obvious to the audience the character they are playing and is not subtle at all. It is very clear who they are.

In this performance, I need to think about my Gestus and how I can make it clear to the audience what character I am. For example, Niobe is an older woman who has had a difficult past. To show this I would wear a shawl or a head scarf and I would keep my body language very closed . My facial expressions would never be happy as she has never had a reason to be happy and my use of space would always be isolated from everyone else except Philomele as I am her servant; although I would keep my distance until I am needed.

Friday 6th March

In this session, we blocked scenes 7 - 11. The main event that happens hear is the journey to Thrace. Philomele is falling for the Captain and Tereus has fallen for Philomele. Niobe can see what is going to happen. The male chorus can also see what is going to happen in the future; this is very clear to the audience when the male chorus are speaking.

Page 304 - Queen - Listen to the chorus, the playwright always speaks through the chorus.

This is basically giving the audience the instructions to listen to what the chorus is saying as they are telling the story of what is happening and what is going to happen.

Page 323

Tereus lies to Philomele about Procne's death. This shows the darkness that is in Tereus as he makes her feel like it was all her fault and that if she had stayed where she was she wouldn't have died. Tereus does this to get close to Philomele but it drives her in the opposite direction as Procne was the only person she was close to.

This part of the play is crucial as it is where we start to see the mental violence that Tereus is capable of as he is able to tell this lie so easily and put the guilt on her without feeling any regret.

Introduction to the piece (Week one)

For this unit, we are working on a scripted piece called The Love of a Nightingale by Timberlake Wertenbaker. 'It is an adaptation of the Ancient Greek legend of the rape of Philomela by her brother-in-law Tereus, and the gruesome revenge undertaken by Philomela and her sister Procne. The play takes a feminist look at the ancient tale.'

Synopsis

The King of Athens, Pandion I, fights a war with Thebes over land. The King of Thrace, Tereus, helps out Pandion, and in return, Pandion allows Tereus to marry Procne, one of his two daughters. Procne obeys reluctantly. She is not attracted to her taciturn soldier of a husband, and she dreads being parted from her beloved and spirited sister Philomele. When she reaches Thrace, she struggles to adjust to life, as the women assigned to her have none of the cultural interests she has grown up with in Athens. She asks Tereus to return to Athens and bring her sister, Philomele, to come and see her, as she is the only one who understands her.

Tereus travels to Athens and takes Philomele on his ship. From an early stage, there are danger signals that Tereus is sexually attracted to his sister-in-law. Though Philomele herself is initially unaware of his interest, both her older servant and chaperone Niobe and the sailors can see the warning signs. After a while, Tereus starts finding ways to slow down their journey, to give him more time to try to seduce Philomele. As she finally realizes his intentions, she desperately reaches out to the Captain of the ship, a quiet, gentle man, in hopes of escape. But when Tereus finds them together, he angrily kills the Captain. In order to make her weak and vulnerable, Tereus now informs Philomele untruthfully that Procne has died during his absence. When Philomele continues to resist his advances, he rapes her. Later, due to her determination to rebel and inform her sister, who she has worked out by now is not dead, he cuts out her tongue.
On his return home, Tereus informs Procne that Philomele was drowned on the journey. Five years pass.

Philomele has in fact been living in isolation for 5 years, and has seen nobody except the king (who initially visited her occasionally), Niobe and Niobe's servant. Niobe takes her to the annual Bachann/Dionysian festival, which is the only day of the year in which the women can drink and run wild. Using large dolls she has made, Philomele performs a re-enactment of the rape in order to inform Procne that she is alive and of what Tereus has done. In revenge, Procne kills her own young son with Tereus, Itys. As Tereus begins to chase the women, his intent being to kill them, the gods turn Procne into a swallow, Tereus into a hoopoe and Philomele into a nightingale.

Thursday 26th February

For our first session, we looked at the script and blocked the first scene. This scene starts off with a war and two soldiers are left standing for a fight to the death.  We have decided that this performance will be mostly in the style of Bertolt Brecht. Brecht's style was in the style of 'Epic Theatre'. "Epic Theatre proposed that a play should not cause the spectator to identify emotionally with the characters or action before him or her, but should instead provoke rational self-reflection and a critical view of the action on the stage. Brecht thought that the experience of a climactic catharsis of emotion left an audience complacent. Instead, he wanted his audiences to adopt a critical perspective in order to recognise social injustice and exploitation and to be moved to go forth from the theatre and effect change in the world outside. For this purpose, Brecht employed the use of techniques that remind the spectator that the play is a representation of reality and not reality itself. By highlighting the constructed nature of the theatrical event, Brecht hoped to communicate that the audience's reality was equally constructed and, as such, was changeable."

 

To incorporate this style in our performance we came up with the idea that at the beginning of this scene, we decided to start off as children who escaped and air raid and are hiding out in a theatre. We also decided that we would all be sat round the perimeter of the stage and remain on stage for the whole performance; our costume changes would be on stage too. 

The next part we blocked was where Procne and Philomele are talking about the men that are fighting in the war. This scene is considered to be very innocent as neither of the sisters have had any experience with men before.

Research of my Character - Niobe

Niobe was a daughter of Tantalus and of either Dione, the most frequently cited, or of Eurythemista or Euryanassa, and she was the sister of Pelops and Broteas, all of whom figure in Greek mythology.

Her father was the ruler of a city called "Tantalis" or "the city of Tantalus", or as "Sipylus", in reference to Mount Sipylus at the foot of which his city was located and whose ruins were reported to be still visible in the beginning of the 1st century C.E although few traces remain today. She was already mentioned in Homer's Iliad which relates her proud hubris, for which she was punished by Leto, who sent Apollo and Artemis, with the loss of all her children, and her nine days of abstention from food during which time her children lay unburied. Once the gods interred them, she retreated to her native Sipylus, "where Nymphs dance around the River Acheloos, and although being a stone, she broods over the sorrows sent from the Gods".

Niobe boasted of her fourteen children, seven male and seven female, to Leto who only had two children, the twins Apollo and Artemis.

Using arrows, Artemis killed Niobe's daughters and Apollo killed Niobe's sons. According to some versions, at least one Niobid  was spared. Their father, Amphion, at the sight of his dead sons, either killed himself or was killed by Apollo for having sworn revenge. Devastated, Niobe fled back to Mount Sipylus and was turned into stone, and, as she wept unceasingly, waters started to pour from her petrified complexion. Mount Sipylus indeed has a natural rock formation which resembles a female face, and it has been associated with Niobe since ancient times and described by Pausanias. The rock formation is also known as the "Weeping Rock" since rainwater seeps through its porous limestone.